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", The date of the actual decisive battle is given as 9 August 48 BC according to the republican calendar. It is inhabited by a large Aromanian (Vlach) population. [10][11], Although it is often called the Battle of Pharsalus by modern historians, this name was rarely used in the ancient sources.
In 198 BC, in the Second Macedonian War, Philip V of Macedon sacked Palaepharsalos (Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 32.13.9), but left new Pharsalos untouched. [14] According to Caesar, his own army included 22,000 Roman legionaries distributed throughout 80 cohorts (8 legions), alongside 1,000 Gallic and Germanic cavalry. "Caesar's Pre-Battle Speech at Pharsalus (B.C. [4], In the Persian Wars it sided with the Athenians. At the commencement of the Peloponnesian War, Pharsalus was one of the Thessalian towns that sent succour to the Athenians. To this heterogeneous force Pompey added horsemen conscripted from his own slaves. 4 x Loot Treasure. 5 x Burn War Supplies. [17][i], It was in his auxiliary troops and in particular his cavalry, all of which vastly outnumbered Caesar's own, that Pompey derived his greatest advantage. [30] Pompey himself took up a position behind the left wing in order to oversee the course of the battle,[31] while the cavalry on that wing was placed under command of Titus Labienus, a former lieutenant of Caesar.[32]. After the defeat of the Macedonian Kingdom, Pharsalos and the whole area became a part of the Roman Republic. [22] Many of the foreigners were serving under their own rulers, for more than a dozen despots and petty kings under Roman influence in the east were Pompey's personal clients and some elected to attend in person, or send proxies.[20]. The Palaiofarsalos railway station (litt. [9] Near Old and New Pharsalus was a "Thetideion", or temple dedicated to Thetis, the mother of Achilles. On 9 August 48 BC at Pharsalus in central Greece, Gaius Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the republic under the command of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"). Caesar spent the next few years 'mopping up' remnants of the senatorial faction. 13. The Thracians and the other auxiliaries who were left in the Pompeian camp, in total seven cohorts, defended bravely, but were not able to fend off the assault. [citation needed]. Ptolemy, advised by his regent, the eunuch Pothinus, and his rhetoric tutor Theodotus of Chios, had failed to take into account that Caesar was granting amnesty to a great number of those of the senatorial faction in their defeat.
His statement (9.5.6) that the Thetideion, the temple to Thetis south of Scotussa, was “near both the Pharsaloi, the Old and the New”, seems to imply that Palaeopharsalos was not itself close by Pharsalos. Pressured by the senators present and by his officers, he reluctantly engaged in battle and suffered an overwhelming defeat, ultimately fleeing the camp and his men, disguised as an ordinary citizen. A distinctive tribe of the city was that of Echecratidon. An independent location. [1], Kassandra did infiltrate the fort, killing the decoy in addition to the polemarch and the captains there, claiming their riches. Following the Treaty of Berlin the city became part of the Hellenic Kingdom together with the rest of Thessaly in 1881. Farsala was known as Çatalca during Ottoman rule. Ainigmata Ostraka riddles and solutions, tombs and ancient steles, … The municipality Farsala has an area of 739.74 km2, the municipal unit Farsala has an area of 121.433 km2, and the community Farsala has an area of 57.928 km2.[2]. After Pompey's defeat former allies began to align themselves with Caesar as some came to believe the gods favored him, while for others it was simple self-preservation. [citation needed] As the rest of Pompey's army were left confused, Caesar urged his men to end the day by routing the rest of Pompey's troops and capturing the Pompeian camp.
[14] With this in mind, they were to tie down Caesar's infantry and thus give time for the superior Pompeian cavalry to overwhelm the enemy's own and subsequently attack Caesar's flank and rear. John D. Morgan in “Palae-pharsalus – the Battle and the Town”, List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit, "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. 1 History 2 Behind the scenes 3 Gallery 4 Appearances 5 References In 431 BCE, knowing that the Spartan misthios Kassandra would come after him, Elpenor, a member of the Eyes of Kosmos branch of the Cult of Kosmos, hired a decoy to hide in the fort.
They complied with his wishes; after finishing off the remains of Pompey's men, they furiously attacked the camp walls. Farsala is famous for its distinctive halva, but even more so for its significance in ancient history. [27] He stationed in the center and wings the troops in which he placed most confidence: on the left stood the two legions which Caesar had given to the Senate shortly before the civil war began, while the two legions brought from Syria by Scipio were placed in the middle, and on the right the legion from Cilicia together with the cohorts brought from Spain; the space between these experienced soldiers was filled with raw recruits. Post Comment. Later, it joined the Macedonian Kingdom under Philip II. The geographer Strabo speaks of two towns, Old Pharsalos, Παλαιοφάρσαλος (Palaeopharsalos) and Pharsalos, existing in historical times. ][citation needed] As Pompey was assassinated on 3 September 48 BC, the battle must have taken place in the true month of August, when the harvest was becoming ripe (or Pompey's strategy of starving Caesar would not be plausible).
Farsala lies at the southern edge of the Thessalian Plain, 4 km south of the river Enipeas. The VI, XII, XI and XIII formed the centre and were commanded by Domitius, then came the VII and upon his right he placed his favored Xth legion, giving Sulla command of this flank – Caesar himself took his stand on the right, across from Pompey.
This caused Caesar to remark, "Today the victory had been the enemy's, had there been any one among them to gain it.
Scan the place well with the eagle vision to get the location of all the guards around. [citation needed] This is especially true of success in the face of almost certain defeat – as Caesar experienced at Pharsalus.
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In the time of Pliny the Elder, Pharsalus was a free state. Pompey fled from Pharsalus to Egypt, where he was assassinated on the order of Ptolemy XIII. [5] Medius of Larissa took Pharsalus by force, about 395 BC. [21] These all formed a remarkably diverse group, including Gallic and Germanic horsemen alongside all polyglot peoples of the east – Phoenicians, Cretan slingers and other Greeks, Jews, Arabs, Anatolians, Armenians, and others. Daochos built several monuments at Pharsalos dedicated to members of his family. This is supported by excavated remains of a fortified site called Xylades near Enipeus, which is located in the easternmost part of the Pharsalian territory. Chapter: Beware the Snakes; Recommended Level: 11; Head to Pharsalos Fort in Phokis; it's to the southeast in the Valley of the Nymph, north of the Chora of Delphi. The name of the fort references the Thessalian city of Farsala, which was in antiquity known as Pharsalos. The province of Farsala (Greek: Επαρχία Φαρσάλων) was one of the provinces of the Larissa Prefecture. A fort. [33] Pompey ordered his men not to charge, but to wait until Caesar's legions came into close quarters; Pompey's adviser Gaius Triarius believed that Caesar's infantry would be fatigued and fall into disorder if they were forced to cover twice the expected distance of a battle march. "Ancient Pharsalus"), on the line from Athens to Thessaloniki and head of the branch line to Kalambaka, is located in the village of Stavros, 12 km to the west. The contemporary town has no historical or medieval buildings left as a result of a World War II bombardment and a catastrophic earthquake that struck the area in 1954. The two armies confronted each other over several months of uncertainty, Caesar being in a much weaker position than Pompey.
Because of them Rome was being compelled to fight both in her own defense and against herself, so that even if victorious she would be vanquished. [16] Pompey fielded 88 cohorts of Roman infantry, the strength of which Brunt and Wylie estimated as 38,000 men, while Greenhalgh said they contained a maximum of 36,000.
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